Geology, hydrology and geomorphology

A Rocky Landscape

Situated at an average altitude of 300 m and covering 1134 km², the park straddles two geological formations. A majority of the park lies in the Superior geologic province. This granite rock, formed during the Archean period, stretches for as far as the eye can see. In the north, the park extends into the geological formation known as the Ungava Trough. Contact between these two formations is marked by an overlap fault, south of the Puvirnituq River. Remnants of the most recent glaciation, including eskers and ancient beaches, are still prominent throughout the park.

Puvirnituq River, a majestic landscape

The Puvirnituq River drains the northern sector of the park before emptying into Hudson Bay. Kangiqsujuamiut still use this landmark as a point of reference when travelling inland. Over roughly forty kilometres, the Puvirnituq River flows through a wide canyon with walls that are, at times, sheer cliffs. Two right-angle bends mark the river’s spectacular course. The river is situated in the heart of the Ungava Trough, a zone that is rich in iron and other minerals. South of the Puvirnituq River, a series of folds running parallel to the river bear witness to the intense compression of the earth’s crust, 1.8 billion years ago.

The gently undulating hills of the Plateau

To the east of Lake Saint-Germain (Lake Qikirtatualik*), a sector of the Plateau is marked by a gently undulating topography. Several species of rare plants and one of the only concentrations of shrubs in the park grow in the iron-rich soil. The remnants of ancient Inuit camp sites (a few tent rings and stone hearths) are located in this sector.

* Traditional name

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Puvirnituq River

Wakeham Bay